No employer wants to conduct a workplace investigation. But investigating an employee may become necessary to limit the company’s liability exposure, comply with legal requirements, maintain discipline, or protect other employees. And if you have to conduct a workplace investigation, you may think it should be kept confidential. After all, how many times have you read in the paper that a criminal investigator could not comment on an ongoing investigation? In employment matters, however, the National Labor Relations Board takes a different view.

The NLRB’s Recent Ruling

In June 2015, the NLRB ruled that employers’ policies imposing a broad confidentiality requirement on workplace investigations violate the National Labor Relations Act. Section 7 of the Act protects employees’ rights to discuss terms and conditions of employment – including workplace investigations – among themselves. As such, an employer may not maintain rules or policies that interfere with the rights of employees to discuss workplace investigations (even if those rule or policies have not been enforced or resulted in actual interference with such discussions).

Confidentiality Not Completely Lost

The Board’s ruling only applies to blanket policies of confidentiality. It went on to outline the circumstances in which confidentiality may be required. According to the ruling, those circumstances are present in the following cases:·

• witnesses need protection,
• evidence is in danger of being destroyed,
• testimony is in danger of being fabricated, or
• there is a need to prevent a cover-up.

While it is certainly easier for you as an employer to follow a policy that applies to all

investigations, the Board’s action means that you will have to eliminate your broad policies in this area and evaluate the need for confidentiality on a case-by-case basis.

Not Just for Union Shops

Many employers are under the mistaken impression that the NLRA only applies to unionized employees. Although the Act was enacted in the early days of the industrial revolution to protect the rights of employees to form or join labor unions, most employees, whether unionized or not, are covered under the act. The law does not cover government workers, agricultural laborers, independent contractors, and supervisors (with limited exceptions).

Family Business Lawyers® are well-versed in the federal and state laws that apply to businesses, including the general requirements of the National Labor Relations Act. Contact a Family Business Lawyer™today to discuss any questions you have about internal investigations, or schedule a LIFT Start-Up Session,™ which includes employment structuring, financial, and tax systems you need for your business to succeed.